Art and Architecture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Art and Architecture - Essay Example The whole cathedral together with its supplementary buildings occupies a whole block. The outside of the church is decorated with white marble making it to have a shiny and beautiful surface. The parish is about four hundred feet in length and its width is approximately more than seventy feet wide. Standing at the entrance of the cathedral are two spires decorated in gothic curved architecture. At the center of the two spires is the cathedral entrance. On the western vestibule, towers and a gallery above it border the cathedral. The vaulting of the main roof is made of brick. The cathedral takes the form of gothic revival architecture, with important parts taking forms of medieval French gothic and British gothic architecture. Some of the most important features of the architect are the facades, the spires and the windows when viewed from the exterior. The spires provide proportionality in the architecture. The entrance of the cathedral is between the two spires that are a bit taller than the roofing at about 330 feet high. This provides balance and harmonizes proportionality in the architecture, making it an admirable aspect as a piece of art. The use of stained windows is a functional to provide the serene atmosphere inside the cathedral for the purposes of peace during prayer. The stained windows mimic other gothic designs that were common in Europe (Janaro & Altusher, 2009, Ch. 5). The inside of the cathedral is made with perfect proportional arrangement. The nave of the cathedral attains the balance that most cathedrals do through proportional arrangement of the rows where worshippers sit. Light is spread throughout the church through the highly placed windows that ensure there is enough light during the day. However, during the night, three chalices that hang perfectly through the center of the nave provide enough illumination. The curved faà §ade of the church at the exterior provides ample decorations of the cathedral while

The Roles of Amino Acid R-groups in the Structures and Functions of Research Paper

The Roles of Amino Acid R-groups in the Structures and Functions of Transmembrane Ion Channels - Research Paper Example The figure above shows the unionized form of a group of amino acid called alpha (Elsevier 19). The R represents an organic substituent or a side-chain, which is specific to each of the amino acid. There is a carbon atom called ?–carbon attached next to a group called carboxyl. Ion channels refer to the proteins that form pores which help to establish the small changes in voltage in cells plasma membrane, flowing down with the varying electrochemical change. Transmembrane potential refers to electrical potential difference in a biological cell’s interior part and exterior. This potential arises from the interaction between action of proteins containing transmembrane embedded inside it and the membrane itself. The proteins get pushed to cause change in concentration by use of ion transporter or pump. Materials and methods In order to study the ion channels, voltage clamp particularly patch clamp and RT-PCR scientific based technique used. Experimentally, ion channels cata lyze the process of diffusion across membranes, and this recorded as electrical currents in units known as Pico amperes. Other methods used in this study include Partitioning methods, which commonly can be used to evaluate hydrophobicity of amino acid, surface area and chromatography method. Results Two levels of current which correspond to the open and closed state. The transition in the two conditions observed to be extremely fat to a measurement recorded of millisecond. From one level to the other, rectangular jumps produced between the two levels. The current indicated by the amplitude of the jumps. Channels show rates of ion flux up to 106 ions/sec. Channels only open in a few seconds but during this time ions flowing through the pore register thousands (Davies 255). Discussion The structural parts of proteins comprise of amino acids in chains. They normally appear linked together in different sequences forming various types of proteins. Standard group of these amino acids comp rise of twenty of each amino group into polypeptides. This natural made process. A group of nine of these amino acids called essential in human beings because their creation not normally dependent on creation by man but must be taken as food. The amino acids prove to act as a substitute from nutrition fertilizers, and commonly applicable in food technology, in many industries. They have industrial applications as catalysts during production of plastics, which can be biodegraded. In the study of ion channels, their function include making possible the ions diffusion across membranes, which have biological nature. A bioelectric barrier built between the molecules, which have charges or hydrophilic, also called electrical insulators. The ion routes supply hydrophilic or high conductivity pathways in the interior of the hydrophobic. The pore structure catalyzes the transportation of molecules with charges across a medium with low dielectric. The channel of this site catalyzed normally r emains to be open or closed. Where the ion shows to be associated tightly with the catalyzed site, the confrontation of open channel shows the enzyme-substrate state. This confrontation state arising between the open state and the closed compared to opening and closing of a gate hence referred to as